VIII.—Species considered as to variation, geographical distribution, and succession

Molecular variation, evolution and geographical distribution of louping ill virus.

Following the demonstration that the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) subgroup viruses are distributed as a cline across the Northern Hemisphere (Zanotto et al., 1995), we have analyzed the dispersal pattern of louping ill (LI) virus, the most westerly located member in the cline. A total number of 21 LI or LI-related virus E gene sequences have been used for a detailed molecular analysis of the e...

HLA allele variation as a potential explanation for the geographical distribution of granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

OBJECTIVE Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune systemic vasculitis considered to result from the interaction of environmental factors with a genetically predisposed host. The HLA-DPB1*0401 allele, the PI*Z allele of the gene encoding α1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) and the proteinase 3 (PRTN3) gene have been associated with GPA. The incidence of GPA is lower in non-Caucasian po...

Redescription and geographical variation of Monopeltis guentheri Boulenger (Amphisbaenia, Reptilia)

Exploring Geographical Variation

In this paper, we present national maps of relative rates of mortality associated with short-term exposure to particulate matter < 10 pm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10). We report results for 88 of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States from 1987 to 1994 for all-cause mortality, combined cardiovascular and respiratory deaths, and other causes of mortality. Maximum likelihood estima...

the differential effects of debate and media analysis as relate to enhancing efl learners critical thinking ability and writing performances

critical thinking ability has an important role in education. accordingly, scholars around the world are searching for new ways for teaching and improving students critical thinking ability. in line with the studies in efl contexts supporting the positive relationship between critical thinking and writing performances, this study investigated the differential effects of halverson’s critical thi...